Elliptic Fourier Analysis in the Study of the Male Genitalia to Discriminate Three Macrolophus Species (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Insects
Ana Maria JausetO Alomar

Abstract

Within the genus Macrolophus (Heteroptera: Miridae), the species M. costalis (Fieber), M. melanotoma (Costa) and M. pygmaeus (Rambur) are present in the Mediterranean region on a wide variety of plant species. While M. costalis can easily be separated from the other two by the black tip at the scutellum, M. pygmaeus and M. melanotoma are cryptic species, extremely similar to one another in external traits, which has resulted in misidentifications. M. pygmaeus is an efficient biological control agent, both in greenhouse and field crops. The misidentification of these cryptic species could limit the effectiveness of biological control programs. Although the morphology of the left paramere of the male genitalia has been used as a character for identification of these two cryptic species, there is controversy surrounding the reliability of this character as a taxonomic tool for these species. Using geometric morphometric techniques, which are a powerful approach in detecting slight shape variations, the left parameres from these three Macrolophus species were compared. The paramere of M. costalis was larger and had a different shape to that of M. melanotoma and M. pygmaeus; however, no differences in size or shape were found betwee...Continue Reading

References

Nov 30, 2006·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·David BickfordIndraneil Das
Jan 22, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Li ShenMark A McPeek
Dec 7, 2010·Journal of Insect Physiology·K FrancoC Castañé
Apr 1, 1993·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·F James Rohlf, L F Marcus
Jun 22, 2012·Bulletin of Entomological Research·C GemenoO Alomar
Jan 12, 2016·Comparative Cytogenetics·Ana Maria JausetSnejana Grozeva
Feb 1, 1999·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Göran Arnqvist, Ingela Danielsson

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Citations

Dec 11, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·Francisco Augusto da Silva FerreiraWanderli Pedro Tadei

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
PCA

Software Mentioned

SHAPE
ChainCoder
PAST Package
PrinComp
NPMANOVA
Gimp Photoshop
PrinPrint
Leica
Qwin V
Chc2Nef

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