Elucidating the Variability in the Hexabromocyclododecane Diastereomer Profile in the Global Environment

Environmental Science & Technology
Li Li, Frank Wania

Abstract

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is a hazardous flame retardant subject to international regulation. Whereas γ-HBCDD is a dominant component in the technical HBCDD mixture, the diastereomer profile in environmental samples shows substantial temporal and spatial variations, ranging from γ- to α-HBCDD-dominant. To explain such variability, we simulate the global emissions and fate of HBCDD diastereomers, using a dynamic substance flow analysis model (CiP-CAFE) coupled to a multimedia environmental fate model (BETR-Global). Our modeling results indicate that, as of 2015, 340-1000 tonnes of HBCDD have been emitted globally, with slightly more γ-HBCDD (50%-65%) than α-HBCDD (30%-50%). Emissions of γ-HBCDD primarily originate from production and other industrial processes, whereas those of α-HBCDD are mainly associated with the use and end-of-life disposal of HBCDD-containing products. Presently, α-HBCDD dominates the contamination in the air of populated areas, while γ-HBCDD is more abundant in remote background areas and in regions with HCBDD production and processing facilities. Globally, the relative abundance of α-HBCDD is anticipated to increase after production of HBCDD is banned. Due to isomerization, α-HBCDD accumulates to a l...Continue Reading

References

May 4, 2005·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Christos A Tsiliyannis
Jan 31, 2006·Chemosphere·Andreas C GereckeMartin Kohler
Jul 13, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Adrian CovaciJacob De Boer
Dec 21, 2007·Chemosphere·Robert KöppenIrene Nehls
Jan 7, 2009·Chemosphere·Natsuko KajiwaraHidetaka Takigami
Mar 1, 2011·Environmental Pollution·Matthew MacLeodKonrad Hungerbuhler
Jun 6, 2013·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Natsuko KajiwaraHidetaka Takigami
Feb 4, 2014·Environment International·Robin J LawHidetaka Takigami
Jul 10, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Knut BreivikKevin C Jones
Dec 31, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Golnoush AbbasiMiriam L Diamond
Feb 11, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Seth NewtonCynthia A de Wit
Aug 28, 2015·Environmental Pollution·Da ChenHeidi N Geisz
Nov 13, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Wenjia CaiLishen Lin
Dec 5, 2016·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Thao Thanh LeYoon-Seok Chang
Feb 7, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Cassandra RauertTom Harner
Feb 21, 2018·Chemosphere·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa AbdallahStuart Harrad

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 7, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Thao Thanh LeYoon-Seok Chang
Apr 17, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Bita Alipour ParvizianThomas M Holsen
May 16, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Golnoush AbbasiKnut Breivik

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.