Elucidation of the serosal cuticle machinery in the beetle Tribolium by RNA sequencing and functional analysis of Knickkopf1, Retroactive and Laccase2

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Chris G C JacobsMaurijn van der Zee

Abstract

Insects have been extraordinary successful in colonizing terrestrial habitats and this success is partly due to a protective cuticle that mainly contains chitin and proteins. The cuticle has been well studied in larvae and adults, but little attention has been paid to the cuticle of the egg. This cuticle is secreted by the serosa, an extraembryonic epithelium that surrounds the yolk and embryo in all insect eggs, but was lost in the Schizophoran flies to which Drosophila belongs. We therefore set out to investigate serosal cuticle formation and function in a beetle (Tribolium castaneum) using RNAi-mediated knockdown of three candidate genes known to structure chitin in the adult cuticle, and we aimed to identify other serosal cuticle genes using RNA sequencing. Knockdown of Knickkopf (TcKnk-1) or Retroactive (TcRtv) affects the laminar structure of the serosal cuticle, as revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy in knockdown eggs. In the absence of this laminar structure, significantly fewer eggs survive at low humidity compared to wild-type eggs. Survival in dry conditions is also adversely affected when cross-linking among proteins and chitin is prevented by Laccase2 (TcLac-2) RNAi. Finally, we compare the transcriptomes ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 21, 2016·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Urs Schmidt-Ott, Chun Wai Kwan
Mar 18, 2016·Annual Review of Entomology·Kun Yan ZhuSubbaratnam Muthukrishnan
May 28, 2016·PLoS Genetics·Lukasz F Sobala, Paul N Adler
May 24, 2020·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Subbaratnam MuthukrishnanYasuyuki Arakane

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