EM-Wave Biosensors: A Review of RF, Microwave, mm-Wave and Optical Sensing

Sensors
Parikha MehrotraShreyas Sen

Abstract

This article presents a broad review on optical, radio-frequency (RF), microwave (MW), millimeter wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) biosensors. Biomatter-wave interaction modalities are considered over a wide range of frequencies and applications such as detection of cancer biomarkers, biotin, neurotransmitters and heart rate are presented in detail. By treating biological tissue as a dielectric substance, having a unique dielectric signature, it can be characterized by frequency dependent parameters such as permittivity and conductivity. By observing the unique permittivity spectrum, cancerous cells can be distinguished from healthy ones or by measuring the changes in permittivity, concentration of medically relevant biomolecules such as glucose, neurotransmitters, vitamins and proteins, ailments and abnormalities can be detected. In case of optical biosensors, any change in permittivity is transduced to a change in optical properties such as photoluminescence, interference pattern, reflection intensity and reflection angle through techniques like quantum dots, interferometry, surface enhanced raman scattering or surface plasmon resonance. Conversely, in case of RF, MW, mmW and THz biosensors, capacitive sensing is most commonly ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 29, 2020·Sensors·Maryamsadat Shokrekhodaei, Stella Quinones
Nov 14, 2019·Sensors·Mohamed El KhamlichiJuan Hinojosa
Jun 4, 2020·Biointerphases·Jequil S R HartzJohn F Vetelino
Jan 9, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Benjamin D WiltshireKevin Golovin
Apr 23, 2021·Scientific Reports·Benjamin D WiltshireMohammad H Zarifi
May 1, 2021·Sensors·Gameel SalehIbraheem Al-Naib
Aug 11, 2021·Sensors·Karol KarpińskiDavid Ziemkiewicz

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biosensor
biosensing
biosensors
chip
surface
affinity
surface plasmon resonance
infrared spectroscopy
optical spectroscopy
MDS

Software Mentioned

Glucowise
TIRE

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