Embryonic Development of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Peter S MartinSimon C Body

Abstract

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular heart defect with an overall frequency of 0.5%-1.2%. BAVs result from abnormal aortic cusp formation during valvulogenesis, whereby adjacent cusps fuse into a single large cusp resulting in two, instead of the normal three, aortic cusps. Individuals with BAV are at increased risk for ascending aortic disease, aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. The frequent occurrence of BAV and its anatomically discrete but frequent co-existing diseases leads us to suspect a common cellular origin. Although autosomal-dominant transmission of BAV has been observed in a few pedigrees, notably involving the gene NOTCH1, no single-gene model clearly explains BAV inheritance, implying a complex genetic model involving interacting genes. Several sequencing studies in patients with BAV have identified rare and uncommon mutations in genes of cardiac embryogenesis. But the extensive cell-cell signaling and multiple cellular origins involved in cardiac embryogenesis preclude simplistic explanations of this disease. In this review, we examine the series of events from cellular and transcriptional embryogenesis of the heart, to development of the aortic valve.

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Citations

May 31, 2017·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Katelynn A ToomerRussell A Norris
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Mar 19, 2021·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Jacqueline Sohn, Faisal D Arain
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Jul 10, 2021·Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine·Yidong WangBin Zhou
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Dec 4, 2021·Aorta : Official Journal of the Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital·Idit TesslerRonen Durst

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene knockout

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