Emergence and diversification of a host-parasite RNA ecosystem through Darwinian evolution.

ELife
Taro FurubayashiNorikazu Ichihashi

Abstract

In prebiotic evolution, molecular self-replicators are considered to develop into diverse, complex living organisms. The appearance of parasitic replicators is believed inevitable in this process. However, the role of parasitic replicators in prebiotic evolution remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated experimental coevolution of RNA self-replicators (host RNAs) and emerging parasitic replicators (parasitic RNAs) using an RNA-protein replication system we developed. During a long-term replication experiment, a clonal population of the host RNA turned into an evolving host-parasite ecosystem through the continuous emergence of new types of host and parasitic RNAs produced by replication errors. The host and parasitic RNAs diversified into at least two and three different lineages, respectively, and they exhibited evolutionary arms-race dynamics. The parasitic RNA accumulated unique mutations, thus adding a new genetic variation to the whole replicator ensemble. These results provide the first experimental evidence that the coevolutionary interplay between host-parasite molecules plays a key role in generating diversity and complexity in prebiotic molecular evolution.

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Citations

Oct 13, 2020·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Ryo Mizuuchi, Norikazu Ichihashi
Jul 13, 2021·AIMS Microbiology·Luis P Villarreal, Guenther Witzany
Aug 14, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·Simon J HickinbothamPaulien Hogeweg

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
in vitro transcription

Software Mentioned

3Seq
MiSeq
ImageJ
GENECONV
PacBio RS
MEGA X
MAFFT
RDP4
Chimaera
BioNJ

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