Emergence of an evolutionary innovation: Gene expression differences associated with the transition between oviparity and viviparity.

Molecular Ecology
Charles S P FosterCamilla M Whittington

Abstract

Our understanding of the evolution of complex biological traits is greatly advanced by examining taxa with intermediate phenotypes. The transition from oviparity (egg-laying) to viviparity (live-bearing) has occurred independently in many animal lineages, but there are few phenotypic intermediates. The lizard Saiphos equalis exhibits bimodal reproduction, with some viviparous populations, and other oviparous populations with long egg-retention, a rare trait where most of embryonic development occurs inside the mother prior to late ovipositioning. We posit that oviparous S. equalis represent an intermediate form between "true" oviparity and viviparity. We used transcriptomics to compare uterine gene expression in these two phenotypes, and provide a molecular model for the genetic control and evolution of reproductive mode. Many genes are differentially expressed throughout the reproductive cycle of both phenotypes, which have clearly different gene expression profiles overall. The differentially expressed genes within oviparous and viviparous individuals have broadly similar biological functions putatively important for sustaining embryos, including uterine remodelling, respiratory gas and water exchange, and immune regulation. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 21, 2020·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Iván BeltránMartin J Whiting
May 7, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Camilla M Whittington, Christopher R Friesen
Oct 9, 2021·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Camilla M Whittington
Oct 9, 2021·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Hans RecknagelKathryn R Elmer

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