Emergence of antibiotic resistance in immunocompromised host populations: A case study of emerging antibiotic resistant tuberculosis in AIDS patients

PloS One
Ashley A DeNegreNina H Fefferman

Abstract

The evolution of antibiotic resistance is far outpacing the development of new antibiotics, causing global public health concern about infections that will increasingly be unresponsive to antimicrobials. This risk of emerging antibiotic resistance may be meaningfully altered in highly AIDS-immunocompromised populations. Such populations fundamentally alter the bacterial evolutionary landscape in two ways, which we seek to model and analyze. First, widespread, population-level immunoincompetence creates a novel host environment with disrupted selective pressures. Second, within AIDS-prevalent populations, the recommendation that antibiotics be taken to treat and prevent opportunistic infection raises the risk of selection for drug-resistant pathogens. To determine the impact of HIV/AIDS on the emergence of antibiotic resistance-specifically in the developing world where high prevalence and economic challenges complicate disease management. We present an SEIR epidemiological model of bacterial infection, and parametrize it to capture HIV/AIDS-attributable emergence of resistance under conditions of both high and low HIV/AIDS prevalence. We demonstrate that HIV/AIDS-immunocompromised hosts can be responsible for a disproportionate...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 26, 2020·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Dan I AnderssonTone Tønjum
Mar 12, 2020·Antibiotics·Ashley A DeNegreNina H Fefferman
May 7, 2019·Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Dipesh Kumar YadavTingbo Liang
Nov 26, 2019·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Indu SinghP Kumar
Nov 20, 2020·Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health·Mónica M AcostaAndrew F Read
Jan 20, 2021·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Rachael E MahleEphraim L Tsalik
Sep 22, 2021·CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians·Amila K NanayakkaraDavid E Greenberg

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