Emergency endoscopic variceal ligation following variceal rupture in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombosis: a retrospective study
Abstract
The outcomes of treatment of ruptured varices in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) are unclear. We therefore evaluated the long- (rebleeding and death) and short-term (immediate death within 24 h of variceal bleeding diagnosis) outcomes of patients with PVTT who underwent emergency variceal band ligation. Data on 62 patients with PVTT and endoscopically proven esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding from 2007 to 2012 were studied. In most cases, the varices were treated using endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL). We assessed the patients' rebleeding-free and overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze effect of independent factors on rebleeding-free and overall survival times. Most patients had decompensated cirrhosis and were classified as Child-Pugh class B (56%) or C (36%). A total of 35 patients (56%) had PVTT in the main portal trunk. Among all patients, 58 (94%) and 4 (6%) had esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding, respectively. Bleeding was managed using EVL in all, but one patient (98%) who was treated with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. A total of 24 patients (39.3%) experienced rebleeding, and these patient...Continue Reading
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
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