Emerging Concepts in Brain Glucose Metabolic Functions: From Glucose Sensing to How the Sweet Taste of Glucose Regulates Its Own Metabolism in Astrocytes and Neurons

Neuromolecular Medicine
Menizibeya O Welcome, Nikos E Mastorakis

Abstract

The astrocyte-neuron lactate shunt (ANLS) hypothesis is the most widely accepted model of brain glucose metabolism. However, over the past decades, research has shown that neuronal and astrocyte plasma membrane receptors, in particular, GLUT2, Kir6.2 subunit of the potassium ATP-channel, SGLT-3 acting as glucosensors, play a pivotal role in brain glucose metabolism. Although both ANLS hypothesis and glucosensor model substantially improved our understanding of brain glucose metabolism, the latter appears to be gaining more attention in the scientific community as the former could not account for new research data indicating that hypothalamic and brainstem neurons may not require astrocyte-derived lactate for energy. More recently, emerging evidences suggest a crucial role of sweet taste receptors in brain glucose metabolism. Furthermore, a couple of intracellular molecules acting as glucosensors have been identified in central astrocytes and neurons. This review integrates new data on the mechanisms of brain glucose sensing and metabolism. The role of the glucosensors including the sweet taste T1R2 + T1R3-mediated brain glucose-sensing and metabolism in brain glucose metabolic disorders is discussed. Possible role of glucose se...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2018·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Vasiliki Georgiou, Vasiliki Gkretsi
Nov 20, 2019·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Yoona KimPeter M Clifton
Nov 27, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Jessica L HaighBeatrice M Filippi
Mar 20, 2021·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Menizibeya O Welcome, Nikos E Mastorakis

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BETA
acetylation

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