Emerging effects of early environmental factors over genetic background for type 1 diabetes susceptibility: evidence from a Nationwide Italian Twin Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Lorenza NisticòStudy Group on Diabetes of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology

Abstract

The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been increasing over time. We estimated the genetic and environmental components of type 1 diabetes susceptibility in a twin cohort of recent-onset cases to explore the sources of changing disease epidemiology. We linked the population-based Italian Twin Registry with 14803 type 1 diabetes records from 36 pediatric diabetes care centers throughout Italy, except Sardinia, and identified 173 diabetic twins. Patients were positive for at least one autoantibody to islet cell, glutamate decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, insulin, or zinc transporter 8 and were insulin dependent since their diagnosis. Zygosity was determined by DNA genotyping or by questionnaire. We estimated proband-wise concordance, cotwin recurrence risk with Kaplan-Meier method, and genetic and environmental proportions of susceptibility variance by structural equation models. We recruited 104 diabetic twins (53 males) from 88 pairs (34 monozygotic, 54 dizygotic) and one triplet. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.1 yr (range 1.1-20.5 yr), and the median year of diagnosis was 2002. Proband-wise concordances were 45.5 and 16.4% in monozygotic and dizygotic pairs (P = 0.01). Recurrence risks in monozygotic and dizygotic cotwins w...Continue Reading

Citations

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