Emerging potential of thioredoxin and thioredoxin interacting proteins in various disease conditions

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
Nilanjana Maulik, Dipak K Das

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be mediators of intracellular signaling pathways. However the excessive production of ROS may be detrimental to the cell as a result of the increased oxidative stress and loss of cell function. Hence, well tuned, balanced and responsive antioxidant systems are vital for proper regulation of the redox status of the cell. The cells are normally able to defend themselves against the oxidative stress induced damage through the use of several antioxidant systems. Even though the free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase can handle huge amounts of reactive oxygen species, should these systems fail some reactive molecules will evade the detoxification process and damage potential targets. In such a scenario, cells recruit certain small molecules and proteins as 'rescue specialists' in case the 'bodyguards' fail to protect potential targets from oxidative damage. The thioredoxin (Trx) system thus plays a vital role in the maintenance of a reduced intracellular redox state which is essential for the proper functioning of each individual cell. Trx alterations have been implicated in many diseases such as cataract formation, ischemic heart diseases, cancers, ...Continue Reading

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