Emerging roles of ATG proteins and membrane lipids in autophagosome formation.

Cell Discovery
Taki Nishimura, Sharon A Tooze

Abstract

Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup-shaped membrane structure appears in the cytoplasm, then elongates sequestering cytoplasmic materials, and finally forms a closed double membrane autophagosome. However, how this complex vesicle formation event is strictly controlled and achieved is still enigmatic. Recently, there is accumulating evidence showing that some ATG proteins have the ability to directly interact with membranes, transfer lipids between membranes and regulate lipid metabolism. A novel role for various membrane lipids in autophagosome formation is also emerging. Here, we highlight past and recent key findings on the function of ATG proteins related to autophagosome biogenesis and consider how ATG proteins control this dynamic membrane formation event to organize the autophagosome by collaborating with membrane lipids.

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Citations

Jun 24, 2020·Cell Research·Li Yu
Sep 25, 2020·Scandinavian Journal of Immunology·Inger Øynebråten
Nov 6, 2020·Protein & Cell·Linsen LiQing Zhong
Dec 18, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids·Hajnalka Laczkó-DobosGábor Juhász
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Jan 30, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Marta CollettiFrancesca Nazio
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
GTPase
nucleotide exchange
myristoylation
acetylation
lipidation
electron
X-ray

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