Emotion in the wilds of nature: The coherence and contagion of fear during threatening group-based outdoors experiences

Emotion
Craig L AndersonDacher Keltner

Abstract

Emotional expressions communicate information about the individual's internal state and evoke responses in others that enable coordinated action. The current work investigated the informative and evocative properties of fear vocalizations in a sample of youth from underserved communities and military veterans while white-water rafting. Video-taped footage of participants rafting through white-water rapids was coded for vocal and facial expressions of fear, amusement, pride, and awe, yielding more than 1,300 coded expressions, which were then related to measures of subjective emotion and cortisol response. Consistent with informative properties of emotional expressions, fear vocalizations were positively and significantly related to facial expressions of fear, subjective reports of fear, and individuals' cortisol levels measured after the rafting trip. It is important to note that this coherent pattern was unique to fear vocalizations; vocalizations of amusement, pride, and awe were not significantly related to fear expressions in the face, subjective reports of fear, or cortisol levels. Demonstrating the evocative properties of emotional expression, fear vocalizations of individuals appeared to evoke fear vocalizations in other...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 18, 2019·Psychological Science in the Public Interest : a Journal of the American Psychological Society·Alan CowenDacher Keltner
Aug 10, 2019·Journal of Nonverbal Behavior·Dacher KeltnerAlan Cowen
Oct 22, 2020·Behavioral Sciences·Seung-Yoon RheeJonghoon Bae
Dec 18, 2020·Nature·Alan S CowenGautam Prasad
Feb 27, 2021·Stress : the International Journal on the Biology of Stress·Shari Young KuchenbeckerGeorge M Slavich

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