Encoding instructions and stimulus presentation in local environmental context-dependent memory studies

Memory
G MarkopoulosJ Green

Abstract

Murnane and Phelps (1993) recommend word pair presentations in local environmental context (EC) studies to prevent associations being formed between successively presented items and their ECs and a consequent reduction in the EC effect. Two experiments were conducted to assess the veracity of this assumption. In Experiment 1, participants memorised single words or word pairs, or categorised them as natural or man made. Their free recall protocols were examined to assess any associations established between successively presented items. Fewest associations were observed when the item-specific encoding task (i.e., natural or man made categorisation of word referents) was applied to single words. These findings were examined further in Experiment 2, where the influence of encoding instructions and stimulus presentation on local EC dependent recognition memory was examined. Consistent with recognition dual-process signal detection model predictions and findings (e.g., Macken, 2002; Parks & Yonelinas, 2008), recollection sensitivity, but not familiarity sensitivity, was found to be local EC dependent. However, local EC dependent recognition was observed only after item-specific encoding instructions, irrespective of stimulus present...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1988·Journal of Experimental Psychology. General·J G Snodgrass, J Corwin
Feb 1, 1995·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology·M A Conway, S A Dewhurst
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Jan 13, 2006·Acta Psychologica·Nicole M Dudukovic, Barbara J Knowlton
Jan 18, 2007·Psychological Review·Colleen M Parks, Andrew P Yonelinas
Nov 17, 2007·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience·Peter E WaisJohn T Wixted
Feb 9, 2010·Acta Psychologica·Davide Bruno, Andrew Rutherford

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Citations

May 1, 1975·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology·G Hitch, J Morton
Dec 25, 2012·Memory & Cognition·David J TurkSheila J Cunningham

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