Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) in municipal wastewater treatment: a need for mass balance

Environmental Technology
Y M LeeK Londry

Abstract

Increasing attention has been focused on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) as pollutants in municipal wastewater. Recent studies have shown that these compounds can have a negative impact on the environment, and that in many cases they are not efficiently removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Studies have also revealed that their destruction and transport out into the environment depend on the design and operational characteristics of these treatment systems and on the properties of the chemicals themselves. This paper reviews the current knowledge on EDCs, natural and synthetic hormones including estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in WWTP. Several key data gaps are addressed when assessing the removal of EDCs in WWTPs. First, analytical methods used by most researchers do not account for the inactive or conjugated form of the compounds, yet they can become deconjugated to active forms during treatment, leading to an additional source of contaminant load. Next, insufficient measurements are made at various stages within the WWTP preventing adequate analyses on how each u nit process contributes to degradation. Currently, there is no standardized procedure for assessing degradat...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 20, 2009·Environmental Technology·Q CaoD W Connell
Oct 15, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Elisabetta LoffredoNicola Senesi
Jan 14, 2016·Environmental Technology·Petri AjoMarjatta Louhi-Kultanen
Oct 5, 2015·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Ben H H ShiehFrancis C P Law
Mar 13, 2014·Environmental Technology·C Eliana GattulloElisabetta Loffredo
Apr 7, 2010·Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Wolfgang WuttkeDana Seidlova-Wuttke
Aug 23, 2007·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Nazim CicekYoomin Lee

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