Endocrine factors in stress and psychiatric disorders: focus on anxiety and salivary steroids

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
D Jezova, Natasa Hlavacova

Abstract

Glucocorticoids and other steroids produced in the adrenal cortex are altered in chronic stress situations associated with enhanced anxiety. A useful tool to evaluate changes in adrenal steroids during stress and anxiety under both laboratory and real-life stress situations is determination of steroids in saliva. The main advantages of this technique are its noninvasiveness and its measurement of biologically active free hormone levels. Salivary cortisol is a valuable indicator of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, which is known to be altered in psychiatric disorders. Measurements of salivary cortisol helped to reveal changes that would otherwise remained undetected, such as increase in cortisol release in spontaneously occurring panic attacks. By selecting only the subjects with high and low trait anxiety, we have brought evidence confirmed by others that high trait anxiety may be associated with an inability to respond with adequate cortisol release during stress. Papers on the relationship between salivary dehydroepiandrosterone and trait anxiety or anxiety disorders are rare, and this stress hormone deserves more attention. Almost nothing is known on aldosterone and anxiety. We have modified th...Continue Reading

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