Endogenous GHB in Segmented Hair Part I: Inter-individual Variation for Group Comparisons

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Jennifer L ThomasMark L Miller

Abstract

While earlier studies have attempted to resolve the challenges encountered when interpreting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) concentrations in hair (primarily due to its endogenous presence), few have had large sample sizes. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-individual variation of endogenous GHB concentrations. The second objective, to be detailed in another report, was to assess intra-individual variation and the impact on exogenous GHB discrimination. Over 2000 hair segments from 141 women and 73 men (all processed hair 3-12 cm long) were analyzed in this study. The raw calculated range of endogenous GHB concentrations was < 0.40-5.47 ng/mg with 97.5% of the segmental results calculated less than 2.00 ng/mg. Imputation, assuming a lognormal distribution, was applied to the data to include non-detect data (<LOQ), which led to an estimated endogenous GHB range of 0.16-5.47 ng/mg. Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed on a segmental basis for group comparisons. This test was applied to the male and female segmental medians and subsequently indicated that these groups were different at the α = 0.05 level of significance. Additionally, female hair samples appeared to have a trend comprising higher endogenou...Continue Reading

References

Aug 30, 2006·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Lynton T Hazelhurst, Nicolaas Claassen
May 22, 2010·Journal of Psychopharmacology·Zsófia NémethZsolt Demetrovics
Jul 24, 2010·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·Janice Du MontMarsha M Cohen
May 14, 2011·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Jan Krul, Armand R J Girbes
Nov 18, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Gail A A CooperUNKNOWN Society of Hair Testing
Jul 4, 2012·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Leo J SchepBruno Mégarbane
Aug 14, 2012·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Elisabetta BertolFrancesco Mari
May 25, 2013·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Marcela Nogueira Rabelo AlvesAldo Polettini
Nov 30, 2014·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Eshwar JagerdeoMarc A LeBeau
Jan 26, 2016·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·Yan ShiPing Xiang
Feb 6, 2016·International Journal of Legal Medicine·André L CastroHelena M Teixeira
Sep 16, 2018·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Nicolas Van ElsuéMichel Yegles
Nov 20, 2018·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·Taís Regina Fiorentin, Barry Kerr Logan
Mar 10, 2019·Forensic Science International : Synergy·María Del Mar Ramírez FernándezNele Samyn
Aug 21, 2019·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Walter MartzFlorian Veit
Nov 30, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Erin W LloydMark L Miller

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 6, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Erin C StricklandMark L Miller
Jun 8, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Elisabetta BertolFabio Vaiano
Jul 3, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Annika NebelFlorian Veit

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM
Francesco Paolo BusardòPascal Kintz
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved