Endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver diseases

Liver Research
Xiaoying Liu, Richard M Green

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when ER homeostasis is perturbed with accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein or calcium depletion. The unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways, is a protective cellular response activated by ER stress. However, UPR activation can also induce cell death upon persistent ER stress. The liver is susceptible to ER stress given its synthetic and other biological functions. Numerous studies from human liver samples and animal disease models have indicated a crucial role of ER stress and UPR signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, cholestatic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Extensive investigations have demonstrated the potential underlying mechanisms of the induction of ER stress and the contribution of UPR pathways during the development of the diseases. Moreover ER stress and the UPR proteins and genes have become emerging therapeutic targets to treat liv...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 7, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Murali GanesanNatalia A Osna
Jul 31, 2019·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Sheng WangXiongwen Lv
Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Daniela Maria TanaseMariana Floria
Oct 18, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Aline MelloFawaz G Haj
Jan 29, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Delfin Gerard BuycoRotonya Carr
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Juncheng Wei, Deyu Fang
Apr 2, 2021·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Francesco Bellanti, Gianluigi Vendemiale
Mar 18, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Fei XueJessica L Maiers
Jun 3, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Hyeyoon Eo, Rudy J Valentine
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Divya Saro Varghese, Bassam R Ali
Nov 4, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Anders OhmanHeidi Yeh
Nov 17, 2021·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Steven W PipeOscar G Segurado

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