Endoplasmic reticulum stress signals in the tumour and its microenvironment.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
Xi Chen, Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz

Abstract

Protein handling, modification and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are tightly regulated processes that determine cell function, fate and survival. In several tumour types, diverse oncogenic, transcriptional and metabolic abnormalities cooperate to generate hostile microenvironments that disrupt ER homeostasis in malignant and stromal cells, as well as infiltrating leukocytes. These changes provoke a state of persistent ER stress that has been demonstrated to govern multiple pro-tumoural attributes in the cancer cell while dynamically reprogramming the function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Aberrant activation of ER stress sensors and their downstream signalling pathways have therefore emerged as key regulators of tumour growth and metastasis as well as response to chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy. In this Review, we discuss the physiological inducers of ER stress in the tumour milieu, the interplay between oncogenic signalling and ER stress response pathways in the cancer cell and the profound immunomodulatory effects of sustained ER stress responses in tumours.

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Citations

Apr 12, 2021·Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·Yasmin KayalIsrael Vlodavsky
Apr 23, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Paula Saavedra-GarcíaHolger W Auner
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Tamara Lah TurnšekRichard G Pestell
May 9, 2021·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Yingying ShiJian You
Jul 31, 2021·Scientific Reports·Mate RuszGunda Koellensperger
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Aug 7, 2021·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Biao CaiYiran Huang
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Aug 29, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Kazi Mustafa MahmudMd Asiful Islam
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Nov 23, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Andrés Gámez-GarcíaJose M Lizcano

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein-folding
protein folding
glycosylation
xenograft
nuclear translocation
biopsy
xenografts
surgical resection
nucleotide exchange

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