Endosymbiont-based immunity in Drosophila melanogaster against parasitic nematode infection

PloS One
Shruti YadavIoannis Eleftherianos

Abstract

Associations between endosymbiotic bacteria and their hosts represent a complex ecosystem within organisms ranging from humans to protozoa. Drosophila species are known to naturally harbor Wolbachia and Spiroplasma endosymbionts, which play a protective role against certain microbial infections. Here, we investigated whether the presence or absence of endosymbionts affects the immune response of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to infection by Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes carrying or lacking their mutualistic Gram-negative bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila (symbiotic or axenic nematodes, respectively). We find that the presence of Wolbachia alone or together with Spiroplasma promotes the survival of larvae in response to infection with S. carpocapsae symbiotic nematodes, but not against axenic nematodes. We also find that Wolbachia numbers are reduced in Spiroplasma-free larvae infected with axenic compared to symbiotic nematodes, and they are also reduced in Spiroplasma-containing compared to Spiroplasma-free larvae infected with axenic nematodes. We further show that S. carpocapsae axenic nematode infection induces the Toll pathway in the absence of Wolbachia, and that symbiotic nematode infection leads to increased phenolo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 12, 2019·Infection and Immunity·Shruti Yadav, Ioannis Eleftherianos
Jun 22, 2018·Insects·Sophie Labaude, Christine T Griffin
Sep 14, 2018·Insects·Maurizio Francesco Brivio, Maristella Mastore
Jun 25, 2021·Trends in Parasitology·Olivera Topalović, Mette Vestergård

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissection
PCR
protein assay
Assay

Software Mentioned

ImageJ
GraphPad Prism7

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