Endothelial cell growth factors and the vessel wall

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
J Joseph-Silverstein, D B Rifkin

Abstract

The role of endothelial cell growth factors in the maintenance of the blood vessel wall is, as we have described here, much more complex than merely stimulating the mitogenesis of endothelial cells. The FGFs are capable of eliciting an array of responses in endothelial cells, some, or all, of which are important for neovascularization and the control of clot dissolution. These endothelial cell responses include protease elaboration, chemotaxis, and mitogenesis. That these growth factors seem neither to be constitutively released into the medium of cultured cells that synthesize bFGF, nor released into the bloodstream in vivo suggests that the temporal and local control of neovascularization may involve the regulation of growth factor release from cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Although there is no known example of this for bFGF, it is well known that both thrombin and Factor Xa stimulate the release of a mitogenic protein from endothelial cells and that low oxygen tension stimulates the release of macrophage-derived angiogenesis factor. In addition, both TGF beta and heparin alone appear to play a role in wound healing and vessel wall maintenance. The work of Roberts et al suggests that TGF beta ...Continue Reading

Associated Clinical Trials

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