Endothelin-1 is elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain microvessels and is neuroprotective

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Jinhua Luo, Paula Grammas

Abstract

The vasoactive protein endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by vascular endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of vascular inflammation. We have previously documented that the cerebral microvasculature is a source of inflammatory proteins and a likely contributor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we (a) compare expression of ET-1 in brain microvessels isolated from AD and control brains; (b) determine thrombin regulation of ET-1 synthesis and release in brain endothelial cells; and (c) assess the effects of ET-1 on neuronal viability in vitro. Western blot analysis indicates a significantly higher level of ET-1 in AD vessels compared to vessels from age-matched controls. ET-1 expression and secretion are both induced by the inflammatory and neurotoxic protein thrombin. Pretreatment of neuronal cultures with ET-1 significantly increases neuronal survival when cells are challenged with oxidative stress (H2O2) or thrombin. The protective effect of ET-1 is blocked by incubation with an inhibitor of the c-Jun kinase (JNK) cascade. These data demonstrate that in the brain microvasculature dysfunctional or stressed endothelial cells express ET-1 and that this protein promotes the survival of brai...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 29, 2011·International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease·Taehyun KimDoo-Sup Choi
Oct 14, 2014·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·J Scott MinersSeth Love
Aug 8, 2013·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Michelle A Erickson, William A Banks
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May 16, 2021·Neuropharmacology·Ada G Rodríguez-Campuzano, Arturo Ortega
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May 14, 2011·Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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