Endotoxin, cytokines, and hyperlipidemia

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (APOB)-containing lipoproteins (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), immediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein A (LPA)) and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio are all connected in diseases. Here is the latest research.

Endotoxin, cytokines, and hyperlipidemia

Abstract

References

Defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys

New function for high density lipoproteins. Their participation in intravascular reactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides

Alterations of lipid metabolism in mice injected with endotoxin

Hypertriglyceridemia produced by endotoxin: role of impaired triglyceride disposal mechanisms

Endotoxins inhibit endocytotic catabolism of low-density lipoproteins in Hep G2 cells.

The role of tumor necrosis factor in sepsis

Both the polysaccharide and lipid A parts of endotoxins are needed for the inhibitory effects of endotoxins on cellular LDL uptake

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interferon alpha stimulate triglyceride synthesis in HepG2 cells.

The molecular action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Biochemistry of endotoxins

Inflammatory cytokines

A specific receptor antagonist for interleukin 1 prevents Escherichia coli-induced shock in rabbits

A recombinant human receptor antagonist to interleukin 1 improves survival after lethal endotoxemia in mice

Evidence for two classes of cytokines that stimulate hepatic lipogenesis: relationships among tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interferon-alpha

Tumor necrosis factor-increased hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein production and increased serum triglyceride levels in diabetic rats.

Circulating interferon-alpha levels and hypertriglyceridemia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Effect of interleukin-1 on lipid metabolism in the rat. Similarities to and differences from tumor necrosis factor

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor and treatment of the septic shock syndrome

Interferon-gamma inhibits lipoprotein lipase in human monocyte-derived macrophages

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces mortality from endotoxin shock

Superoxide anion generation in the liver during the early stage of endotoxemia in rats

Tumor necrosis factor acutely increases plasma levels of very low density lipoproteins of normal size and composition

Is there sufficient experimental evidence to consider the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex a proton pump? Probably no

Interferons and tumor necrosis factors have similar catabolic effects on 3T3 L1 cells

Changes in rat liver mRNA for alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein B and beta-actin after mouse recombinant tumor necrosis factor injection.

In the rat, interleukin-1 alpha and -beta stimulate adrenocorticotropin and catecholamine release

Multiple cytokines stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis in vivo.

Lipopolysaccharide toxin can directly stimulate the intracellular accumulation of lipids and their secretion into medium in the primary culture of rabbit hepatocytes

Effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on lipid metabolism in the diabetic rat. Evidence that inhibition of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity is not required for TNF-induced hyperlipidemia.

Tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic lipid synthesis and secretion.

Comparison of lipoprotein lipase activity in heart myocytes and perfused hearts

Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 show different modes of combined effect on lipoprotein lipase activity and intracellular lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Effect of endotoxin on release of reactive oxygen intermediates by rat hepatic macrophages

Mechanism of the hypertriglyceridemia induced by tumor necrosis factor administration to rats

Stimulation of the LDL receptor activity in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 by high-density serum fractions.

Free radical modification of low-density lipoprotein: mechanisms and biological consequences

Effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin on tissue lipoprotein lipase activities in chickens

Tumor necrosis, cachexia, shock, and inflammation: a common mediator

Alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in sepsis

The lipoprotein receptor concept

Recombinant gamma interferon induces hypertriglyceridemia and inhibits post-heparin lipase activity in cancer patients

Tumor necrosis factor and the acute metabolic response to tissue injury in man

Modulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor

Effect of intragastric pH on mucosal protective action of sucralfate

Recombinant human cachectin/tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-1 alpha downregulates lipoprotein lipase gene expression at the transcriptional level in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia

Regulation of lipoprotein lipase mRNA content in 3T3-L1 cells by tumour necrosis factor

Tissue-specific regulation of guinea pig lipoprotein lipase; effects of nutritional state and of tumor necrosis factor on mRNA levels in adipose tissue, heart and liver

Cardiac lipoprotein lipase: effects of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor

Changes in serum lipoprotein pattern induced by acute infections

Citations

Upregulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity by tumor necrosis factor, a process independent of tumor necrosis factor-induced lipid synthesis and secretion

Effect of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin on triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements

Endotoxin suppresses rat hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor expression

Beta-blockade lowers peripheral lipolysis in burn patients receiving growth hormone. Rate of hepatic very low density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion remains unchanged

Hematological, blood biochemical, and cytological bronchoalveolar lavage studies in prepubertal gilts after endotoxin inhalation and ingestion

Receptors, mediators, and mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis and septic shock.

Endotoxin: possible roles in initiation and development of atherosclerosis

Influence of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in murine schistosomiasis

Lactulose: production, purification and potential applications

Alteration of hepatic fatty acid metabolism after burn injury in pigs

Endotoxin suppresses mouse hepatic low-density lipoprotein-receptor expression via a pathway independent of the toll-like receptor 4

Estrogen-induced alterations in lipoprotein metabolism in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice

The lipolytic responsiveness to endotoxin in subcutaneous adipose tissue is greater than mesenteric adipose tissue

Tumor necrosis factor up-regulates expression of low-density lipoprotein receptors on HepG2 cells

Enhancement by lipoprotein-free plasma of the inhibitory effect of endotoxin on endocytotic catabolism of low density lipoproteins in Hep G2 cells

Hyperlipidemic response to endotoxin--a part of the host-defence mechanism

Endotoxin-induced defenestration of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium: a factor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis?

Propranolol decreases splanchnic triacylglycerol storage in burn patients receiving a high-carbohydrate diet

Related Concepts

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Endotoxins inhibit endocytotic catabolism of low-density lipoproteins in Hep G2 cells.

Effect of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin on the activity of the low density lipoprotein receptor on human skin fibroblasts

Tumor necrosis factor up-regulates expression of low-density lipoprotein receptors on HepG2 cells

Both the polysaccharide and lipid A parts of endotoxins are needed for the inhibitory effects of endotoxins on cellular LDL uptake