Endurance training and cardial adaptation (athlete's heart)

Herz
Hans-Hermann DickhuthUlrike Korsten-Reck

Abstract

One essential function of the cardiovascular system is to provide an adequate blood supply to all organs, including the skeletal muscles at rest and during exercise. Adaptation to chronic exercise proceeds mainly via the autonomic nervous system. On the one hand, peripheral muscles influence the autonomic reactions through "feedback" control via ergoreceptors, in particular, mechano- and chemoreceptors. On the other hand, there is central control in the sense of a "feed forward" regulation, e. g., the reaction of an athlete before competition. Along with other influential factors, such as circulatory presso-, chemo-, and volume receptors, the incoming impulses are processed in vegetative centers.A cardiovascular reaction, then, is the result of nerval and humoral sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. At rest, the parasympathetic tone dominates. It reduces heart frequency and conduction velocity. The high vagal tone is initially reduced with increasing physical exertion and switches at higher intensity to increasingly sympathetic activation. This mechanism of reaction to exercise is supported by inverse central and peripheral transmissions.Chronic endurance training leads to an improved local aerobic capacity of the exercise...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 15, 2008·Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society·Jörg Lauschke, Bernhard Maisch
Aug 29, 2006·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Joerg Heineke, Jeffery D Molkentin
Oct 13, 2017·Frontiers in Neurology·Angela RosenbohmPeter Bernhardt

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