Energy drinks in the Gulf Cooperation Council states: A review

JRSM Open
Layla AlhyasHamad AlGhaferi

Abstract

Energy drinks have become a popular beverage worldwide. This review was carried out to have an overview among adolescents and emerging adults in the Gulf Co-operation Council states about energy drinks consumption rates and other related issues such as starting age and patterns of energy drink consumption. The Medline and Embase databases were searched separately using different terms such as energy drinks, energy beverages, and caffeinated drinks. Data related to the rates of energy drinks use were entered in STATA for statistical analysis. Then, these data were used to conduct meta-analysis to estimate the rate of energy drink consumption. Overall, meta-analysis results showed that the estimated rates of energy drinks consumption is 46.9% (95% CIs, 33.2 -66.1; nine studies) with I-square 3.7%. Findings indicated that individuals start to consume energy drinks at approximately 16 years old, and males were found to consume energy drinks more frequently than females. Results from this review carry several recommendations for policy and enforcement, public education and research that can help policy and decision makers to achieve the goal of safer use of energy drinks.

References

May 22, 2002·Drug Safety : an International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience·Joanna Thompson Coon, Edzard Ernst
Nov 5, 2003·American Family Physician·David Kiefer, Traci Pantuso
Sep 26, 2006·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·Sean Esteban McCabeJanie Slayden
Nov 2, 2007·Nutrition Journal·Brenda M MalinauskasKimberly Barber-Heidal
Oct 14, 2008·The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·Kathleen E Miller
Apr 29, 2010·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Stephanie L BallardKevin A Clauson
Oct 12, 2010·Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie·A-X Bigard
Nov 3, 2010·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·John P HigginsChristopher L Higgins
Jan 27, 2011·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Amelia M Arria, Mary Claire O'Brien
Feb 14, 2012·Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners·Mandy Rath
Nov 26, 2013·Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal·Hashem KilaniAbdulrahman Musaiger
Dec 20, 2013·Archives of public health = Archives belges de santé publique·Hafiz Muhammad AslamAgha Muhammad Hammad Khan
Mar 13, 2014·Journal of Community Health·Bekir BulutGamze Çan
Mar 22, 2014·Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ : the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society·Haya AlmalakHisham Aljadhey
May 1, 2010·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·M A HeckmanE Gonzalez De Mejia

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 4, 2018·Health Information Science and Systems·Jana DwaidyBalamurugan Balusamy
Aug 2, 2017·Annals of Saudi Medicine·Omar Mansour Al, Rami Azmi Elshatarat

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

STATA
PICOS

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.