PMID: 11897896Mar 19, 2002Paper

Energy needs of athletes

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée
L M Burke

Abstract

Each athlete has unique energy requirements, which underpin their ability to meet total nutritional goals. For everyday dietary planning and evaluation, energy requirements can be predicted via estimations of RMR and activity levels. Research methods such as indirect calorimetry and DLW allow energy requirements to be measured, and may be useful to confirm situations in which an athlete has a true energy balance anomaly. There is some evidence that individual athletes may have reduced energy requirements, although this occurs less frequently than is reported. Most self-reports of food intake substantially under-estimate energy intake, due to under-reporting or under-eating during the period of record keeping. Many athletes are over-focused on reducing body mass and body fat below levels that are consistent with long-term health and performance. Restrained eating can cause significant detrimental outcomes to body function. Leptin may be involved in modulating or mediating some of these changes. Athletes should use their energy budget to choose foods that provide macronutrient and micronutrient needs for optimal health and performance. Practical advice may help athletes to achieve energy intake challenges.

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Citations

May 27, 2008·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Lonnie Lowery, Cassandra E Forsythe
Jul 22, 2014·Nutrients·Pablo M García-RovésEduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez
May 25, 2016·Annual Review of Nutrition·Erin SimmonsSteven E Riechman
Jun 13, 2006·Journal of Sports Sciences·Louise M BurkeNick Broad
Dec 7, 2017·Nutrients·Louise CaplingHelen O'Connor
Mar 15, 2006·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·S E Tomten, A T Høstmark
Oct 31, 2012·The British Journal of Nutrition·Stuart M Phillips
Nov 15, 2018·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Paula B CostaChad M Kerksick
Mar 6, 2004·Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée·Vicki J Harber
Aug 3, 2018·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Chad M KerksickRichard B Kreider
Aug 13, 2003·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Faidon Magkos, Mary Yannakoulia
Apr 15, 2020·Medicina·Hubert DobrowolskiDariusz Włodarek
Oct 20, 2019·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Louise CaplingHelen T O'Connor
Dec 6, 2017·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·I L FahrenholtzA K Melin
Jun 12, 2019·Nutrients·Michal StefflMiroslav Petr
Jul 7, 2015·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·A MelinA Sjödin
Apr 27, 2021·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Brie S SalagarasVernon G Coffey
Jul 28, 2021·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Brie S SalagarasVernon G Coffey

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