Energy reflectance in the ear canal can exceed unity near spontaneous otoacoustic emission frequencies

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
E M BurnsR Ling

Abstract

There is some controversy in the literature over whether the so-called "active mechanism" or "cochlear amplifier" is actually a power amplifier that can produce an output signal with more power than its input, or whether it simply minimizes dissipative losses within the cochlea without providing an actual power gain greater than unity. A corollary of this controversy is whether spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) represent the output of a nonlinear oscillator mechanism, i.e., a power amplifier which can produce an oscillatory output signal in the absence of an input oscillatory signal, or whether they represent the output of a noise-driven, passive, nonlinear system. This paper describes measurements of energy reflectance, and acoustic impedance in the ear canals of human subjects with strong SOAEs. The reflectance, and the resistive and reactive parts of the acoustic impedance, all show a frequency fine structure which correlates with SOAE frequencies, and which becomes more pronounced at low stimulus levels. In some ears at some SOAE frequencies, energy reflectance exceeds unity, and correspondingly, acoustic resistance is negative. This result demonstrates that there is a power gain at these frequencies: The power refl...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Sep 29, 2000·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·G T HuangW T Peake
Jun 11, 2009·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Sebastian Schmidt, Herbert Hudde
Mar 14, 2007·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Douglas H Keefe, Carolina Abdala
Dec 5, 2013·Carbohydrate Polymers·E Pérez-PachecoD Betancur-Ancona
Dec 17, 2014·Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering·Mohaddeseh FadaeiGoodarz Ahmadi
Oct 26, 1999·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·R Sisto, A Moleti
Aug 21, 2002·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·B L Farmer-Fedor, R D Rabbitt
Nov 1, 2003·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Dawn Konrad-Martin, Douglas H Keefe
Jul 26, 2003·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Christopher A Shera
Jul 16, 2005·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Dawn Konrad-Martin, Douglas H Keefe
Sep 29, 2000·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·G T HuangW T Peake
Jan 1, 2018·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Kren Rahbek NørgaardSøren Laugesen
Jun 14, 2003·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Brian C J Moore
May 26, 2004·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Van Summers, Michelle R Molis
Apr 3, 2020·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·James D LewisDonguk Lee

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