Energy Requirements of Odor Transduction in the Chemosensory Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons Rely on Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolytic Processing of Extracellular Glucose

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Pablo S VillarJ Bacigalupo

Abstract

The mechanisms that power the physiological events occurring in cilia, flagella, and microvilli are of fundamental importance for the functions of these important and ubicuous organelles. The olfactory epithelium is mostly populated by ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and surrounding sustentacular cells (SCs) with apical microvilli. The only OSN dendrite extends to the surface forming a knob projecting several chemosensory cilia of ∼50 × 0.2 μm, devoid of inner membranes embedded in a mucus layer. Upon odorant binding, odor receptors couple to G-protein activating adenylyl cyclase, producing cAMP. cAMP opens cyclic nucleotide-gated channels allowing a Ca2+ influx that opens Ca2+-activated Cl- channels, generating the receptor potential. Many enzymes are activated in chemotransduction to hydrolyze ATP. The knob contains approximately two mitochondria; assuming that the cilia ATP is 1 mm and diffuses along it at ∼10 μm in 500 ms, ATP from the knob mitochondria may not fulfill the demands of transduction over the full length of the cilium, which suggests an additional ATP source. We measured millimolar glucose in rat mucus; we detected glucose transporter GLUT3 in rat and toad (Caudiverbera caudiverbera) OSN cilia, SC mic...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 1, 2019·Chemical Senses·Thomas Gerald MastMichael Dryden
Aug 20, 2020·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Jiayi ZhuBo Hu
Sep 12, 2020·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Rafal Butowt, Christopher S von Bartheld
Nov 4, 2020·The FEBS Journal·Pablo S VillarJuan Bacigalupo
Dec 1, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Colten K LankfordSheila A Baker
May 4, 2021·PloS One·Johannes ReisertAlan Gelperin

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