Engineering biomimetic materials for islet transplantation

Current Diabetes Reviews
Ethan Y YangCherie L Stabler

Abstract

A closed-loop system that provides both the sensing of glucose and the appropriate dosage of insulin could dramatically improve treatment options for insulin-dependent diabetics. The intrahepatic implantation of allogeneic islets has the potential to provide this intimate control, by transplanting the very cells that have this inherent sensing and secretion capacity. Limiting islet transplantation, however, is the significant loss and dysfunction of islets following implantation, due to the poor engraftment environment and significant immunological attack. In this review, we outline approaches that seek to address these challenges via engineering biomimetic materials. These materials can serve to mimic natural processes that work toward improving engraftment, minimizing inflammation, and directing immunological responses. Biomimetic materials can serve to house cells, recapitulate native microenvironments, release therapeutic agents in a physiological manner, and/or present agents to direct cells towards desired responses. By integrating these approaches, superior platforms capable of improving long-term engraftment and acceptance of transplanted islets are on the horizon.

Citations

Nov 21, 2015·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·G P ForlenzaM D Bellin
Mar 9, 2017·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Juliana F de SouzaMarco V Chaud
Nov 16, 2017·Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation·Silvia MinardiXunrong Luo

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