Engineering hyperactive variants of human deoxyribonuclease I by altering its functional mechanism

Biochemistry
C Q Pan, R A Lazarus

Abstract

Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), an enzyme used to treat cystic fibrosis patients, has been engineered to more effectively degrade double-stranded DNA to lower molecular weight fragments by altering its functional mechanism from the native single-stranded nicking pathway to a much more efficient one which results in increased double-stranded scission. By introducing positively charged amino acids at DNase I positions that can interact favorably with the proximal negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA, we have created a hyperactive variant with approximately 35-fold higher DNA-degrading activity relative to wild type. This enhancement can be attributed to both a decrease in Km and an increase in Vmax. Furthermore, unlike wild-type DNase I, the hyperactive variants are no longer inhibited by physiological saline. Replacement of the same positions with negatively charged amino acids greatly reduced DNA cleavage activity, consistent with a repulsive effect with the neighboring DNA phosphates. In addition, these variants displayed similar activities toward a small synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate, suggesting that the difference in DNA cleavage activity is due to the interaction of the engineered charg...Continue Reading

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