Enhanced estrogen removal in activated sludge processes through the optimization of the hydraulic flow pattern

Water Research
T Coello-GarciaR J Davenport

Abstract

The removal of β-estradiol (E2) and α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) would need to be improved in order to comply with prospective Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) of 0.4 and 0.035 ng.L-1 respectively. The effluent concentration of a micropollutant in an activated sludge process is a function of the removal rate, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the flow pattern, which is usually overlooked. In order to better understand this aspect, we carried out tracer studies in eight WWTPs in the UK and found that relatively modest changes in aeration tanks would translate into tangible improvements in their flow pattern. We further evaluated the degradation rates for E1 (estrone), E2, E3 (estriol) and EE2 in each WWTP and we estimated that the modification of the flow pattern would be sufficient to place effluent concentrations of E2 (23.2 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1<kbio<210 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1) far below the prospective EQS, while EE2 (0.3 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1<kbio<2.9 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1) would have to rely on river dilution for compliance. Regarding E1 and E3, with no prospective legislation, the modifications would place E3 (9.9 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1<kbio<39.5 L∙gVSS-1∙d-1) effluent concentrations easily below its predicted no-...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 8, 2020·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Jia OuyangChein-Chi Chang
Jan 30, 2020·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Amit PratushZhong Hu
Mar 7, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Rita DiasRita Maurício

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