Enhanced expression of immune checkpoint receptors during SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.

Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development
Narjes Saheb Sharif-AskariRabih Halwani

Abstract

The immune system is tightly regulated by the activity of stimulatory and inhibitory immune receptors. This immune homeostasis is usually disturbed during chronic viral infection. Using publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we conducted in silico analyses to evaluate the expression pattern of 38 selected immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) associated with different myeloid and lymphoid immune cells during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our analyses revealed a pattern of overall upregulation of IR mRNA during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A large number of IRs expressed on both lymphoid and myeloid cells were upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs), while lymphoid-associated IRs were specifically upregulated in autopsies, reflecting severe, terminal stage COVID-19 disease. Eight genes (BTLA, LAG3, FCGR2B, PDCD1, CEACAM1, CTLA4, CD72, and SIGLEC7), shared by NPSs and autopsies, were more expressed in autopsies and were directly correlated with viral levels. Single-cell data from blood and bronchoalveolar samples also reflected the observed association between IR upregulation and disease severity. Moreover, compared to SARS-CoV-1, influenza, and respiratory syncytial...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2021·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Nima Rezaei
Jun 25, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Zheng DengZheng Zheng
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Marianna RowlandsDominik Hartl
Jul 20, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Rakhee K RamakrishnanImad M Tleyjeh
Aug 7, 2021·Biomolecules·Kenneth LundstromVladimir N Uversky

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE152075
GSE150316
GSE17156
GPL18573
88
GSE145926
GSE149689
GSE1739
EGAS00001004503

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
PCR
bronchoalveolar
lavage
bronchoalveolar lavage
density gradient centrifugation

Software Mentioned

- voom
Prism
R
Seurat
Affymetrix
GraphPad
CellRanger
Bioconductor package
limma
Seurat R package

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