Enhancement of ultrasonically-induced hemolysis by perfluorocarbon-based compared to air-based echo-contrast agents

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
D L Miller, R A Gies

Abstract

Hemolysis induced by ultrasonic activation of various contrast-agent gas bodies was investigated. Canine whole blood, with high concentrations of the agents held in 1 mm thick chambers, was exposed in the nearfield of a 2.4-MHz ultrasound beam in a 37 degrees C water bath. Sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) served as a control agent without gas bodies. Albunex (Mallinckrodt Medical, St. Louis, MO) and Levovist (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) represented the air-based contrast agents. The experimental agents FS069 (Optison, Molecular Biosystems Inc., San Diego, CA) and modified MRX-130 (ImaRx Pharmaceutical Corp., Tucson, AZ) represented perfluorocarbon-based contrast agents. No significant ultrasonically-induced hemolysis was detected for the PBS or Levovist suspensions. After 1 s continuous exposure, ultrasonically-induced hemolysis was significant for Albunex at 0.4 MPa or higher pressure amplitudes, for FS069 at 0.2 MPa and for modified MRX-130 at 0.4 MPa. Hemolysis found after pulsed exposure with 10 micros pulses and 1 ms pulse repetition period was significant for Albunex, FS069 and modified MRX-130 above thresholds of 1.1 MPa, 0.57 MPa and 1.6 MPa, respectively. FS069 led to more hemolysis after pulsed mode exposures...Continue Reading

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