Enhancer-promoter interaction facilitated by transiently forming G-quadruplexes

Scientific Reports
Hedi Hegyi

Abstract

G-quadruplexes are guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences capable of forming a four-stranded structure through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. G-quadruplexes are highly concentrated near promoters and transcription start sites suggesting a role in gene regulation. They are less often found on the template than non-template strand where they either inhibit or enhance transcription, respectively. However, their potential role in enhancers and other distal regulatory elements has not been assessed yet. Here we show that DNAse hypersensitive (DHS) cis-regulatory elements are also enriched in Gs and their G-content correlate with that of their respective promoters. Besides local G4s, the distal cis regions may form G-quadruplexes together with the promoters, each contributing half a G4. This model is supported more for the non-template strand and we hypothesised that the G4 forming capability of the promoter and the enhancer non-template strand could facilitate their binding together and making the DHS regions accessible for the transcription factory.

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Citations

Jan 17, 2016·Nucleic Acids Research·Aldana P DavidNora B Calcaterra
Sep 10, 2015·Nucleic Acids Research·Daniela Rhodes, Hans J Lipps
Sep 26, 2015·Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology·Eduard KejnovskyMatej Lexa
Feb 21, 2018·Human Genomics·Shuvra Shekhar RoyShantanu Chowdhury
Jun 11, 2019·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Yue HouXiao Sun
Aug 15, 2019·Human Molecular Genetics·Alessandro VitrioloGiuseppe Testa
Dec 7, 2019·Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics·Anju SinghShrikant Kukreti
Apr 22, 2020·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Dhaval VarshneyShankar Balasubramanian
Jun 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chiara Reina, Vincenzo Cavalieri
Nov 5, 2019·Frontiers in Genetics·Yue HouXiao Sun
Sep 6, 2019·Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry·Hai-Zhou WuYan Cheng
Jul 14, 2021·Nucleic Acids Research·Jenna RobinsonMarco Di Antonio
Oct 23, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Zhiguo WangJun-Ping Liu

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