Enhancing Comparative Effectiveness Research With Automated Pediatric Pneumonia Detection in a Multi-Institutional Clinical Repository: A PHIS+ Pilot Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research
Stéphane M MeystreSamir Shah

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity. Administrative data are often used to conduct comparative effectiveness research (CER) with sufficient sample sizes to enhance detection of important outcomes. However, such studies are prone to misclassification errors because of the variable accuracy of discharge diagnosis codes. The aim of this study was to develop an automated, scalable, and accurate method to determine the presence or absence of pneumonia in children using chest imaging reports. The multi-institutional PHIS+ clinical repository was developed to support pediatric CER by expanding an administrative database of children's hospitals with detailed clinical data. To develop a scalable approach to find patients with bacterial pneumonia more accurately, we developed a Natural Language Processing (NLP) application to extract relevant information from chest diagnostic imaging reports. Domain experts established a reference standard by manually annotating 282 reports to train and then test the NLP application. Findings of pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrate, and pneumonia were automatically extracted from the reports and then used to automatically classify whether a report was consistent with ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 10, 2019·Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·Christopher M HorvatRobert S B Clark
Aug 14, 2020·European Radiology·Jiantao PuChenwang Jin
Apr 2, 2020·JMIR Medical Informatics·Irena Spasic, Goran Nenadic
Jun 5, 2021·BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making·Arlene CaseyBeatrice Alex

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Software Mentioned

LIBSVM
MaxEnt
DE
ID
PHIS
- ID Data
Grid Parameter Search
Weka
ConText
Weka [ SMO

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