Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland

PloS One
Andrew JajackJason Heikenfeld

Abstract

Non-invasive wearable biosensors provide real-time, continuous, and actionable health information. However, difficulties detecting diluted biomarkers in excreted biofluids limit practical applications. Most biomarkers of interest are transported paracellularly into excreted biofluids from biomarker-rich blood and interstitial fluid during normal modulation of cellular tight junctions. Calcium chelators are reversible tight junction modulators that have been shown to increase absorption across the intestinal epithelium. However, calcium chelators have not yet been shown to improve the extraction of biomarkers. Here we show that for glucose, a paracellularly transported biomarker, the flux into sweat can be increased by >10x using citrate, a calcium chelator, in combination with electroosmosis. Our results demonstrate a method of increasing glucose flux through the sweat gland epithelium, thereby increasing the concentration in sweat. Future work should examine if this method enhances flux for other paracellularly transported biomarkers to make it possible to detect more biomarkers with currently available biosensors.

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Citations

Mar 4, 2020·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Lindsay B Baker, Anthony S Wolfe
Sep 15, 2020·Science Advances·Mallika BariyaAli Javey
Oct 15, 2019·Temperature : Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal·Lindsay B Baker
Feb 26, 2019·Nature Biotechnology·Jason HeikenfeldBenjamin A Katchman
Mar 29, 2020·Science Advances·Yichao ZhaoSam Emaminejad
Oct 3, 2018·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Terri D La CountGerald B Kasting
Jun 29, 2021·Advanced Materials Technologies·Le Minh Tu PhanSungbo Cho
Jan 29, 2019·Accounts of Chemical Research·Michael C BrothersSteve S Kim

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biosensors
biosensing

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