Enhancing the interpretation of statistical P values in toxicology studies: implementation of linear mixed models (LMMs) and standardized effect sizes (SESs)

Archives of Toxicology
Kerstin SchmidtPablo Steinberg

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the traditional ANOVA approach to analysing data from 90-day toxicity studies with a more modern LMM approach, and we investigate the use of standardized effect sizes. The LMM approach is used to analyse weight or feed consumption data. When compared to the week-by-week ANOVA with multiple test results per week, this approach results in only one statement on differences in weight development between groups. Standardized effect sizes are calculated for the endpoints: weight, relative organ weights, haematology and clinical biochemistry. The endpoints are standardized, allowing different endpoints of the same study to be compared and providing an overall picture of group differences at a glance. Furthermore, in terms of standardized effect sizes, statistical significance and biological relevance are displayed simultaneously in a graph.

References

Oct 23, 2002·ILAR Journal·Michael F W Festing, Douglas G Altman
Apr 28, 2004·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·B HammondM Nemeth
Mar 16, 2007·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Gilles-Eric SéraliniJoël Spiroux de Vendomois
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Jan 9, 2010·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·Eva Skovlund
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Feb 14, 2014·Nature·Regina Nuzzo

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Citations

Sep 25, 2016·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Achim AignerAlan Poole
Dec 12, 2018·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Xavier CoumoulBernard Salles
Jul 4, 2019·Archives of Toxicology·Keguo Huang, Carl A Walker
Mar 21, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Felix M Kluxen, Ludwig A Hothorn
Sep 26, 2020·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Misha VrolijkAlie de Boer
May 23, 2021·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Madhav Nilakanth MugaleSmrati Bhadauria

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Software Mentioned

SPSS
EFSA
GRACE
Excel
SAS

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