Environmental Factors Associated With Natural Methane Occurrence in the Appalachian Basin

Ground Water
Lisa J MolofskyPedro J Alvarez

Abstract

The recent boom in shale gas development in the Marcellus Shale has increased interest in the methods to distinguish between naturally occurring methane in groundwater and stray methane associated with drilling and production operations. This study evaluates the relationship between natural methane occurrence and three principal environmental factors (groundwater redox state, water type, and topography) using two pre-drill datasets of 132 samples from western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia and 1417 samples from northeastern Pennsylvania. Higher natural methane concentrations in residential wells are strongly associated with reducing conditions characterized by low nitrate and low sulfate ([NO3- ] < 0.5 mg/L; [SO42- ] < 2.5 mg/L). However, no significant relationship exists between methane and iron [Fe(II)], which is traditionally considered an indicator of conditions that have progressed through iron reduction. As shown in previous studies, water type is significantly correlated with natural methane concentrations, where sodium (Na) -rich waters exhibit significantly higher (p<0.001) natural methane concentrations than calcium (Ca)-rich waters. For water wells exhibiting Na-rich waters and/or low nitrate and low sulfate ...Continue Reading

References

Apr 12, 2005·Ground Water·Dale Van StempvoortKathleen Rich
Mar 1, 2008·Ground Water·P B McMahon, F H Chapelle
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Jul 11, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Nathaniel R WarnerAvner Vengosh
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Sep 17, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Thomas H DarrahRobert J Poreda

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Citations

Jun 21, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·R A BellB E Ó Dochartaigh
Jan 5, 2019·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Tao WenSusan L Brantley
Jun 20, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E Barth-NaftilanJ E Saiers
Nov 21, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Josh WodaSusan L Brantley
Aug 14, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Josh WodaSusan L Brantley
Nov 6, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·L J MolofskyTom Wagner
Dec 11, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·M P WilsonA Hart
Oct 16, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Pauline HumezBernhard Mayer
Jun 28, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Peter B McMahonBrian A Varela

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