Environmental Risk Factors Can Reduce Axial Length Elongation and Myopia Incidence in 6- to 9-Year-Old Children

Ophthalmology
Jan Willem Lodewijk TidemanCaroline C W Klaver

Abstract

To identify risk factors for axial length (AL) elongation and incident school myopia. Population-based prospective birth-cohort study. Four thousand seven hundred thirty-four children examined at 6 and 9 years of age from the Generation R Study in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Axial length and corneal radius (CR) were measured with an IOLMaster 500 and daily life activities and demographic characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Three thousand three hundred sixty-two children (71%) were eligible for cycloplegic refractive error measurements. Linear regression models on AL elongation were used to create a risk score based on the regression coefficients resulting from environmental and ocular factors. The predictive value of the prediction score for myopia (≤-0.5 diopter) was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. To test if regression coefficients differed for baseline AL-to-CR ratio, interaction terms were calculated with baseline AL-to-CR ratio and environmental factors. Axial length elongation and incident myopia. From 6 to 9 years of age, average AL elongation was 0.21±0.009 mm/year and myopia developed in 223 of 2136 children (10.4%), leading to a myopia prevalence at 9 years of age of 12.0%. Seven ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 1, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·James S WolffsohnChristine F Wildsoet
Jun 13, 2019·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Síofra C Harrington, Veronica O'Dwyer
Aug 8, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Shi Yao LuLi Jia Chen
May 10, 2019·Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·F Schaeffel
Apr 5, 2019·European Journal of Epidemiology·Clair A EnthovenCaroline C W Klaver
Jan 16, 2020·BMC Ophthalmology·Andrzej GrzybowskiSeang-Mei Saw
Aug 3, 2020·Eye & Contact Lens·Motohiro Itoi, Motozumi Itoi
Jan 30, 2020·Journal of Optometry·Karen Wong, Annegret Dahlmann-Noor
Mar 11, 2021·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Pelsin DemirAntonio Filipe Macedo
Mar 23, 2021·Journal of Optometry·Francisco Luis Prieto-GarridoAlicia Ruiz-Pomeda
Apr 29, 2021·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Ian G MorganJeremy A Guggenheim
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Oct 15, 2021·Eye·Xiaotong HanMingguang He
Jan 7, 2022·JAMA Ophthalmology·Samantha Sze-Yee LeeDavid A Mackey
Jan 14, 2022·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Yaoyao LinYanyan Chen
Jan 22, 2022·Ophthalmology and Therapy·Shi-Ming LiUNKNOWN Anyang Childhood Eye Study Group

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