Environmental risk factors for temporal lobe epilepsy--is prenatal exposure to the marine algal neurotoxin domoic acid a potentially preventable cause?

Medical Hypotheses
Ian Stewart

Abstract

Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) is one of the more common forms of chronic epilepsy. Its aetiology is unknown, though an early developmental insult is thought by some to be an important trigger. There is not a strong genetic predisposition; gene-environment interactions are more significant considerations. Environmental risk factors for TLE-HS are under-researched. Domoic acid (DA) is an environmental neurotoxin of algal origin that can contaminate marine food webs. DA can cross the placenta, is significantly more toxic to the developing brain compared to the adult brain, and has affected humans and marine wildlife through mass poisonings. DA coincidentally has a decades-long history of use as a chemical model of temporal lobe epilepsy, along with its close structural analogue kainic acid (also of algal origin). The principal hypothesis presented here is that dietary exposure to doses of DA that are sub-clinical in pregnant women may be sufficient to damage the foetal hippocampus and initiate epileptogenesis. The hypothesis could be tested both experimentally by in vivo proof-of-concept animal studies that expand on current knowledge of prenatal susceptibility to DA neurotoxicity, and by epidemiologic...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2012·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Dong-mei WuMeng-qiu Li
Mar 26, 2014·Marine Drugs·John S Ramsdell, Frances M Gulland
Mar 19, 2014·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Paul S BuckmasterWilliam Van Bonn
Jul 10, 2016·Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine·Srdjan Kesić, Sladjana Z Spasić
Mar 10, 2017·Nutritional Neuroscience·Dongmei WangShu Hu

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