Environmentally-acquired bacteria influence microbial diversity and natural innate immune responses at gut surfaces.

BMC Biology
Imke MulderDenise Kelly

Abstract

Early microbial colonization of the gut reduces the incidence of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recent population studies reveal that childhood hygiene is a significant risk factor for development of inflammatory bowel disease, thereby reinforcing the hygiene hypothesis and the potential importance of microbial colonization during early life. The extent to which early-life environment impacts on microbial diversity of the adult gut and subsequent immune processes has not been comprehensively investigated thus far. We addressed this important question using the pig as a model to evaluate the impact of early-life environment on microbe/host gut interactions during development. Genetically-related piglets were housed in either indoor or outdoor environments or in experimental isolators. Analysis of over 3,000 16S rRNA sequences revealed major differences in mucosa-adherent microbial diversity in the ileum of adult pigs attributable to differences in early-life environment. Pigs housed in a natural outdoor environment showed a dominance of Firmicutes, in particular Lactobacillus, whereas animals housed in a hygienic indoor environment had reduced Lactobacillus and higher numbers of potentially pathogenic phylotyp...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
EU472617
EU461958
EU779318
GSE15256

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR
Chip

Software Mentioned

GeneGo MetaCore
Bioconductor package
DOTUR
R
Primer Express
BLAST
Dnadist
GeneChip Robust Averaging gcRMA
qvalue
Lasergene

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