Environmentally persistent free radicals: Occurrence, formation mechanisms and implications

Environmental Pollution
Bo PanBaoshan Xing

Abstract

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are defined as organic free radicals stabilized on or inside particles. They are persistent because of the protection by the particles and show significant toxicity to organisms. Increasing research interests have been attracted to study the potential environmental implications of EPFRs. Because of their different physical forms from conventional contaminants, it is not applicable to use the commonly used technique and strategy to predict and assess the behavior and risks of EPFRs. Current studies on EPFRs are scattered and not systematic enough to draw clear conclusions. Therefore, this review is organized to critically discuss the current research progress on EPFRs, highlighting their occurrence and transport, generation mechanisms, as well as their environmental implications (including both toxicity and reactivity). EPFR formation and stabilization as affected by the precursors and environmental factors are useful breakthrough to understand their formation mechanisms. To better understand the major differences between EPFRs and common contaminants, we identified the unique processes and/or mechanisms related to EPFRs. The knowledge gaps will be also addressed to highlight the ...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 10, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Ekaterina SkorbAlexander I Kokorin
Jul 22, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Malek SadatsharifiMihály Purgel
Nov 1, 2019·Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy·Mengxia XuFei Qi
Jul 17, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Ling XiangXiaofei Tan
Dec 4, 2019·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Nadra I SakrPhillip T Sprunger
Aug 27, 2021·Environment International·Huizhong ShenShu Tao
Jun 15, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Zenghua QiZongwei Cai
Nov 28, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Eric Tobechukwu Anthony, Nurudeen Abiola Oladoja

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