Ependymal alterations in sudden intrauterine unexplained death and sudden infant death syndrome: possible primary consequence of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking.

Neural Development
Anna Maria LavezziLuigi Matturri

Abstract

The ependyma, the lining providing a protective barrier and filtration system separating brain parenchyma from cerebrospinal fluid, is still inadequately understood in humans. In this study we aimed to define, by morphological and immunohistochemical methods, the sequence of developmental steps of the human ependyma in the brainstem (ventricular ependyma) and thoracic spinal cord (central canal ependyma) of a large sample of fetal and infant death victims, aged from 17 gestational weeks to 8 postnatal months. Additionally, we investigated a possible link between alterations of this structure, sudden unexplained fetal and infant death and maternal smoking. Our results demonstrate that in early fetal life the human ependyma shows a pseudostratified cytoarchitecture including many tanycytes and ciliated cells together with numerous apoptotic and reactive astrocytes in the subependymal layer. The ependyma is fully differentiated, with a monolayer of uniform cells, after 32 to 34 gestational weeks. We observed a wide spectrum of ependymal pathological changes in sudden death victims, such as desquamation, clusters of ependymal cells in the subventricular zone, radial glial cells, and the unusual presence of neurons within and over t...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2013·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Anna M LavezziConrad E Johanson
May 21, 2013·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·M DuškováA Pařízek
Oct 11, 2011·Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical·Anna Maria LavezziLuigi Matturri
Jan 1, 2020·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·Anna M LavezziStefano Ferrero

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