Epidemic History and Iatrogenic Transmission of Blood-borne Viruses in Mid-20th Century Kinshasa

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Catherine A HoganJacques Pépin

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic was ignited in Léopoldville (now known as Kinshasa), in the former Belgian Congo. Factors that jump-started its early expansion remain unclear. Nonlethal hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) can be used to investigate past iatrogenic transmission. We undertook a cross-sectional study of elderly inhabitants of Kinshasa, with serological assays, amplification, and sequencing. Risk factors were assessed through logistic regression. Phylogenetic methods reconstructed the genetic history of HCV. A total of 217 of 839 participants (25.9%) were HCV seropositive; 26 (3.1%) were HTLV-1-seropositive. Amplification products were obtained from 118 HCV-seropositive participants; subtypes 4k (in 47 participants) and 4r (in 38) were most common. Independent risk factors for HCV subtype 4r seropositivity were intramuscular tuberculosis therapy, intravenous injections at hospital A, intravenous injections before 1960, and injections at a colonial-era venereology clinic. Intravenous injections at hospital B and antimalarials were associated with HCV subtype 4k seropositivity. Risk factors for HTLV-1 seropositivity included intravenous injections at hospitals...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 16, 2016·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Simon D W Frost, Samuel K Kwofie
Oct 30, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Brian T FoleyMartine Peeters
Feb 1, 2017·International Journal of Hematology·Eric OksenhendlerAntoine Gessain
Nov 6, 2018·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Chris DavisEmma C Thomson
Oct 20, 2017·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jonathan B ParrGavin Cloherty
Feb 26, 2019·Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care·Michael A Vance
Jul 19, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Junior MudjiYves Horsmans

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