Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI.

Viruses
Swati KumarKelly J Henrickson

Abstract

The first wave of the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) in Milwaukee, WI has been recognized as the largest reported regional outbreak in the United States. The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of this large first wave outbreak from April 28(th) 2009-July 25(th) 2009, studied using both passive and targeted surveillance methodologies are presented. A total of 2791 individuals with H1N1pdm infection were identified; 60 % were 5-18 years old. The 5-18 year and 0-4 year age groups had high infection (1131 and 1101 per 100,000) and hospitalization (49 and 12 per 100,000) rates respectively. Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had the highest hospitalization and infection rates. In targeted surveillance, infected patients had fever (78%), cough (80%), sore throat (38%), and vomiting or diarrhea (8%). The "influenza like illness" definition captured only 68 % of infected patients. Modeling estimates that 10.3 % of Milwaukee population was infected in the first wave and 59% were asymptomatic. The distinct epidemiologic profile of H1N1pdm infections observed in the study has direct implications for predicting the burden of infection and hospitalization in the next waves of H1N1pdm. Careful consideration of demographic pred...Continue Reading

References

Jan 27, 2004·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Chi-Hui ChengTsung-Lung Lee
Jan 31, 2008·American Journal of Epidemiology·Fabrice CarratAlain-Jacques Valleron
Feb 21, 2009·Vaccine·Arnold S Monto
Mar 27, 2009·Public Health Reports·Eleni Patrozou, Leonard A Mermel
Sep 12, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Kathy HancockJacqueline M Katz

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Citations

Dec 14, 2011·European Journal of Public Health·María D Esteban-VasalloRicard Gènova-Maleras
Mar 1, 2012·Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses·Astride JulesMarie R Griffin
Aug 30, 2012·Journal of Medical Virology·Hong Kai LeeEvelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
Apr 12, 2012·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Swati Kumar, Kelly J Henrickson

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