Abstract
Little is known about the epidemiology of breast cancer in developing countries, and Haiti has perhaps the least data of any country in the Western Hemisphere. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients enrolled in an ongoing breast cancer treatment program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2017. Data were drawn from each patient's electronic medical record, paper chart, and biopsy results. The records of 525 women with breast cancer were reviewed for this study. The median age at presentation was 49 years (n = 507). The risk factors observed were as follows: postmenopausal, 50.8% (n = 354); nulliparity, 15.7% (n = 338); hormonal contraception use, 35.0% (n = 309); never breastfed, 20.6% (n = 316); family history of any cancer, 22.0% (n = 295); overweight, 51.5% (n = 332); and smoking, 5.0% (n = 338). Of all those staged, 83.9% (n = 447) of the patients presented with stage III/IV disease and more than half delayed care for > 12 months after first noticing a breast mass. For the subset of tumors for which estrogen receptor (ER; n = 245) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; n = 179) status was available, the prevalence of ER-positive tumors was 51.8%, of HER2-positive tumors wa...Continue Reading
References
Dec 1, 1978·British Journal of Cancer·P V MaynardK Griffiths
Nov 1, 1987·Archives of Surgery·D W KinneM Schwartz
Nov 15, 1984·Cancer·F F ParlR K Wagner
Aug 30, 2000·Nature·C M PerouD Botstein
Sep 13, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T SørlieA L Børresen-Dale
Aug 31, 2002·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·S Eva SingletaryFrederick L Greene
Oct 31, 2002·Histopathology·C W Elston, I O Ellis
Oct 19, 2004·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·O Johnell, J A Kanis
Nov 13, 2004·Breast Cancer Research : BCR·Freddie BrayD Maxwell Parkin
Aug 9, 2005·The Breast : Official Journal of the European Society of Mastology·A R K AdesunkanmiM A Durosimi
Sep 22, 2005·British Journal of Cancer·C I LiJ R Daling
Feb 24, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Heikki JoensuuUNKNOWN FinHer Study Investigators
Jun 8, 2006·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Lisa A CareyRobert C Millikan
Mar 27, 2007·The Breast : Official Journal of the European Society of Mastology·James Mackay, Ailsa Taylor
Aug 3, 2007·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Rebecca DentSteven A Narod
Sep 21, 2007·Cancer Investigation·Adrienne A PhillipsAlfred I Neugut
Jan 18, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Peggy Porter
Feb 20, 2008·World Journal of Surgery·Benjamin O Anderson, Raimund Jakesz
Jul 10, 2008·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Carey K AndersKimberly L Blackwell
Jul 29, 2008·The Breast Journal·Henry G Kaplan, Judith A Malmgren
Dec 10, 2008·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Linda Vona-DavisGerald Hobbs
May 26, 2009·Breast Cancer Research : BCR·Marilyn L KwanBette J Caan
Aug 26, 2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Dezheng HuoOlufunmilayo I Olopade
Sep 22, 2009·The Breast Journal·Carol A PariseVincent Caggiano
Nov 10, 2009·Cancer Epidemiology·Steven S Coughlin, Donatus U Ekwueme
Nov 13, 2009·PloS One·Hanna FredholmHenrik Lindman
Mar 2, 2011·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology·Leung Chu TongAnna Marie Mulligan
Sep 20, 2011·Lancet·Mohammad H ForouzanfarMohsen Naghavi
Dec 15, 2012·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Joan E CunninghamCharles L Bennett
Feb 5, 2013·American Journal of Surgery·Gita N ModyRobert Riviello
Oct 12, 2013·CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians·Carol DeSantisAhmedin Jemal
Jul 3, 2015·Malawi Medical Journal : the Journal of Medical Association of Malawi·R E KohlerS Gopal
Jun 29, 2018·BJS Open·C BlanchardUNKNOWN FOThyr Group