Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population

Neurosurgery
R Midha

Abstract

The purpose was to identify the prevalence, causative factors, injury types, and associated injury patterns in multitrauma patients who sustained brachial plexus injuries. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected and computerized database and a chart review were performed. Brachial plexus injuries were identified in 54 of 4538 (1.2%) patients presenting to a regional trauma facility. Young male patients predominated. Motor vehicle accidents were the most frequent cause overall, but only 0.67% of such accidents resulted in plexus injuries. Conversely, 4.2% of motorcycle accident victims and 4.8% of snowmobile accident victims suffered brachial plexus injuries. Injuries were supraclavicular for 62% of patients and infraclavicular for 38%. Supraclavicular injuries were more likely to be severe (Sunderland Grade 3 or 4), compared with infraclavicular injuries, which were neurapraxic in 50% of cases (P < 0.01). The former therefore required surgical exploration and reconstruction more often (52 versus 17%; P < 0.05). Associated injuries included closed head injuries with loss of consciousness in 72% of patients (coma in 19%), cervical spine fractures in 13%, and clavicle, scapular, or humeral fractures and shoulder disloc...Continue Reading

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