PMID: 8606476Feb 21, 1996Paper

Epidemiology of diarrheal disease outbreaks on cruise ships, 1986 through 1993

JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
D KooR V Tauxe

Abstract

To describe the epidemiology of cruise-associated diarrheal disease outbreaks from 1986 through 1993, to determine if the incidence had changed since 1985, and to determine the preventability of outbreaks that continue to occur. The numerator data were collated from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) outbreak investigation reports from 1986 through 1993. The denominator data were summations of cruise ship data on the number of passengers and length of cruises collected during routine diarrheal illness surveillance, available only for the period 1989 through 1993. Cruise ships with outbreaks of diarrheal disease. Cruise ship passengers and crew of staff ho participated in the original investigations. The incidence of outbreaks during the study period, pathogens isolated, and vehicles of transmission implicated in investigations. Among cruises of 3 to 15 days, CDC staff investigated 1.4 outbreaks per 1000 cruises, or 2.3 outbreaks per 10 million passenger-days. An etiologic agent was implicated in 21 (68%) of 31 investigated outbreaks: bacterial in 12, viral in nine. A specific vehicle of transmission was identified in 16. The most common vehicles of transmission were undercooked scallops (three outbreaks caused by ...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 1, 1996·Emerging Infectious Diseases·M A Winker
Sep 15, 2004·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Kate E Dingle, UNKNOWN Norovirus Infection Control in Oxfordshire Communities Hospitals
Mar 12, 2010·BMC Public Health·Varvara A MouchtouriUNKNOWN SHIPSAN Partnership
Nov 26, 2009·Journal of Travel Medicine·Clara C SchlaichMaike M Lamshöft
Sep 11, 2007·Infectious Disease Clinics of North America·Vivek Kak
Dec 29, 1998·Annals of Emergency Medicine·D E PeakeC D Hill
Dec 7, 1996·Lancet·A GikasY Tselentis
Jun 29, 2004·Public Health Reports·Roisin M RooneyPeter K Benembarek
Mar 17, 2004·Current Infectious Disease Reports·Dale N. Lawrence
Nov 30, 2000·Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology·A Duchini, V D Rodgers
May 20, 2014·Food and Environmental Virology·Fabrizio BertRoberta Siliquini
Jul 10, 2007·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Ellen L JonesCharles P Gerba

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
A Minooee, L S Rickman
Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
P H Edelstein, M Cetron
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved