Epidemiology of gonadal germ cell cancer in males and females

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
Henrik Møller, Helen Evans

Abstract

The epidemiology of testicular germ cell cancer is relatively well understood, but less is known about the epidemiology of ovarian germ cell cancer. Cases of testicular (7910) and ovarian (453) germ cell cancer diagnosed 1960-1999 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry. The incidence rate in males doubled in the period from 2.0 to 4.4 per 100,000. In females the rate was much lower but the rate of increase over the period was similar to the increase in males. In both sexes the incidence increased sharply around the age of onset of puberty and decreased in older age groups. The biological mechanism of initiation of germ cell carcinogenesis is similar in males and females and probably occurs with roughly the same frequency in the two sexes. In males, the initiated cell population is promoted by the normal action of adult sex hormones to form carcinoma in situ, consisting of many millions of cells. The incidence of testicular cancer is rate limited by the development of carcinoma in situ. The key difference between males and females, which may explain the different levels of incidence, is the much lower number of susceptible cells in females at the time of puberty.

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Citations

Sep 17, 2008·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Hooman Soleymani MajdChristopher B-Lynch
Apr 25, 2006·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·Rahul RoychoudhuriHenrik Møller
May 20, 2003·APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica·J Wolter Oosterhuis, Leendert H J Looijenga
Oct 13, 2006·Nature Clinical Practice. Urology·Freddie BrayHenrik Møller
Mar 24, 2006·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·T ArrigoF De Luca
Mar 29, 2014·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Douglas N Brown
Aug 5, 2014·Journal of Neuro-oncology·Jenny N PoynterJulie A Ross
May 2, 2006·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Harriet O SmithClifford R Qualls
Apr 9, 2005·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Michael J GarnerDaniel Krewski
Sep 24, 2008·International Journal of Experimental Pathology·Yunmin LiYun-Fai Chris Lau
Sep 4, 2008·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Jay P ShahRobert T Morris
Feb 11, 2012·International Journal of Andrology·A StangK A McGlynn
Sep 2, 2009·International Journal of Andrology·A GuminskaJ Slowikowska-Hilczer
Oct 12, 2004·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Virginie Olive, François Cuzin
Jan 8, 2014·Obstetrics & Gynecology Science·Seon Hwa LimSunghoon Kim
Dec 16, 2010·Pediatric Blood & Cancer·Richard G FeltbowerDaniel P Stark
Mar 1, 2019·Pediatric Blood & Cancer·Lindsay A WilliamsLogan G Spector
Apr 8, 2017·International Journal of Endocrinology·Ana Silvia CorlanMarius Raica
Oct 20, 2019·Cancers·Ugo De GiorgiGiorgia Mangili
Oct 6, 2020·Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology·Ahmed Osama MohamedKhalid ElMalik
Mar 23, 2021·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Mojtaba MoradiCyrus Jalili

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